General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) ist ein von Google entwickeltes digitales Austauschformat für Fahrpläne des öffentlichen Personenverkehrs und dazugehörigen geografischen Informationen, wie z.B. Standorte von Haltestellen. Die Daten werden durch Transportunternehmen zur Verfügung gestellt und als gesammelte Datenbank auf der Open-Data Plattform öV-Schweiz im GTFS Format publiziert. Genutzt werden die Daten zur Entwicklung von Applikationen im Zusammenhang mit dem öffentlichen Verkehr, wie z.B. Fahrplanabfragen.
Im Gegensatz zu GTFS Realtime (GTFS RT) liefert GTFS Static, wie der Name schon sagt, nur statische Daten und keine Echtzeitdaten.
Mit dieser Static-Datei wird erstmals der gesamte öffentliche Verkehr eines Landes in einem einzigen Feed dargestellt.
Fachliche Beschreibung
GTFS Static wird anhand einer Reihe Text Files im ZIP Format bereitgestellt. Jedes File gibt Informationen zu einem bestimmten Aspekt der Transit-Informationen wie beispielsweise Haltestellen (stops.txt), Routen (routes.txt), Fahrten (trips.txt), Transportunternehmen (agency.txt) und weiteren Fahrplanrelevanten Daten. Einige Angaben sind notwendig um valide GTFS Daten bereitzustellen, andere sind optional und liefern nützliche Zusatzinformationen (wie z.B. Änderungen des Fahrplans an spezifischen Feiertagen = calendar_dates.txt).
Die folgende Graphik zeigt das Zusammenspiel der verschiedenen Informationen, wobei zurzeit nicht alle für den öV-Schweiz erfasst und im GTFS Format verfügbar sind:
Gehe zu Datensatz: https://opentransportdata.swiss/de/dataset/timetable-2021-gtfs2020
Wichtige Konzepte
- GTFS Static: Publikation von statischen Transit-Informationen im GTFS Format.
- GTFS Realtime: Publikation von Echtzeit-Transit-Informationen als Anreicherung der statischen GTFS Daten, in der Form von Protocoll Buffers
Technische Aspekte
Struktur der Daten
Jedes File besteht aus kommagetrennten Text- und Zahlenreihen mit Feldern, welche zusammengesetzt die gesuchten Informationen liefern. Eine ausführliche Beschreibung der einzelnen Felder in den verschiedenen Files werden im Detail auf der folgenden Webseite erläutert: https://developers.google.com/transit/gtfs/reference/
Für den GTFS Export des öV-Schweiz werden zurzeit die folgenden Files bereitgestellt:
- agency.txt.
- calendar.txt.
- calendar_dates.txt
- feed_info.txt
- routes.txt
- stop_times.txt
- stops.txt
- transfers.txt (ist in Erarbeitung)
- trips.txt
Nicht zur Verfügung gestellt werden: fare_attributes.txt, fare_rules.txt, feed_info.txt und frequencies.txt
Agency.txt
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agency_id,agency_name,agency_url,agency_timezone,agency_lang,agency_phone "11","Schweizerische Bundesbahnen SBB","http://www.sbb.ch/","Europe/Berlin","DE","0900 300 300 " "801","PostAuto Schweiz","http://www.sbb.ch/","Europe/Berlin","DE","0900 300 300 " "840","Busbetrieb Aarau","http://www.sbb.ch/","Europe/Berlin","DE","0900 300 300 " "31","BDWM Transport (bd)","http://www.sbb.ch/","Europe/Berlin","DE","0900 300 300 " "899","BDWM Transport (wm Auto)","http://www.sbb.ch/","Europe/Berlin","DE","0900 300 300 " "886","Regionale Verkehrsbetriebe Baden-Wettingen","http://www.sbb.ch/","Europe/Berlin","DE","0900 300 300 " "839","Zugerland Verkehrsbetriebe","http://www.sbb.ch/","Europe/Berlin","DE","0900 300 300 |
calendar.txt
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service_id,monday,tuesday,wednesday,thursday,friday,saturday,sunday,start_date,end_date "TA+b000b","1","1","1","1","1","0","0","20161211","20171209" "TA+b0001","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","20161211","20171209" "TA+b0016","0","0","0","0","1","1","0","20161211","20171209" "TA+b0dmg","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","20161211","20171209" "TA+b12cr","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","20161211","20171209" "TA+b0008","1","1","1","1","1","0","0","20161211","20171209" "TA+b0027","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","20161211","20171209" "TA+b0dnc","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","20161211","20171209" "TA+b001r","1","1","1","1","1","0","1","20161211","20171209" "TA+b001j","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","20161211","20171209" "TA+b001t","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","20161211","20171209" "TA+b04oi","1","1","1","1","1","0","0","20161211","20171209" "TA+b0ch2","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","20161211","20171209 |
calendar_dates.txt
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service_id,date,exception_type "TA+b0003","20161226","2" "TA+b0003","20170102","2" "TA+b0003","20170414","2" "TA+b0003","20170417","2" "TA+b0003","20170501","2" "TA+b0003","20170525","2" "TA+b0003","20170605","2" "TA+b0003","20170801","2" "TA+b0007","20161226","2" "TA+b0007","20170102","2" "TA+b0007","20170414","2 |
feed_info.txt
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feed_publisher_name,feed_publisher_url,feed_lang,feed_start_date,feed_end_date,feed_version "SBB","http://www.sbb.ch/","DE","20161211","20171209","20170518 |
routes.txt
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route_id,agency_id,route_short_name,route_long_name,route_type "23-56-j17-1","801","056","","3" "11-61-j17-1","7031","061","","3" "11-62-j17-1","7031","062","","3" "24-64-j17-1","801","064","","3" "24-65-j17-1","801","065","","3" "24-66-j17-1","801","066","","3" "24-67-j17-1","801","067","","3" "23-75-j17-1","801","075","","3" "11-83-j17-1","801","083","","3 |
Achtung:
- Einige Routen in GTFS haben eine Erweiterung „-Y“. Der Grund liegt darin, dass sie eine künstlich angelegte Liniennummer haben. Nur so kann „route_short_name“ gültig sein. Diese künstlichen Linien sollten nicht so den Benutzern angezeigt werden. Für Züge wird „trip_short_name“ die Zugnummer beinhalten.
Die Verkehrsmitteltexte, die zur Anwendung kommen:
| Abbreviation | DE | FR | IT | EN | Ref_TransportMode | route_type |
| ASC | Aufzug | Ascenseur | Ascensore | Lift | A | 1700 |
| B | Bus | Bus | Bus | Bus | B | 700 |
| BN | Nachtbus | Bus ligne de nuit | Bus notturno | Nightbus | B | 705 |
| BP | PanoramaBus | PanoramaBus | Bus panoramico | Panorama bus | B | 710 |
| BUS | Bus | Bus | Bus | Bus | B | 700 |
| CAR | Fernbus national | Bus longues distances national | Bus nazionale a lunga percorrenza | National long-distance bus | B | 202 |
| CAX | Fernbus international | Bus longues distances international | Bus internazionale a lunga percorrenza | International long-distance bus | B | 201 |
| EB | Eilbus | Bus acc‚l‚r‚ | Bus accelerato | Semi fast bus | B | 702 |
| EXB | Expressbus | Bus express | Bus espresso | Express bus | B | 702 |
| ICB | InterCity-Bus | InterCity-Bus | InterCity-Bus | Intercity-Bus | B | 202 |
| KB | Kleinbus | Minibus | Minibus | Minibus | B | 700 |
| NB | Nacht-Bus | Bus nocturne | Bus notturno | Night-Bus | B | 705 |
| NFB | Niederflur-Bus | Bus … plancher surbaiss‚ | Bus a pianale ribassato | Low-floor bus | B | 700 |
| NFO | Niederflur-Trolleybus | Trolleybus … plancher surbaiss‚ | Filobus a pianale ribassato | Low-floor trolley bus | B | 700 |
| RUB | Rufbus | Bus sur appel | bus a chiamata | On-call bus | B | 715 |
| TX | Taxi | Taxi | Taxi | Taxi | B | 1500 |
| SL | Sesselbahn | T‚l‚siŠge | Seggiovia | Chairlift | E | 1300 |
| CC | Zahnradbahn | Chemin de fer … cr‚maillŠre | Cremagliera | Rack-railroad | H | 1400 |
| GB | Gondelbahn | T‚l‚cabine | Cabinovia | Gondola lift | L | 1300 |
| LB | Luftseilbahn | T‚l‚ph‚rique | Funivia | Cableway | L | 1300 |
| PB | Pendelbahn | T‚l‚ph‚rique … va-et-vient | funivia a va e vieni | aerial tramway | L | 1300 |
| M | Metro | M‚tro | Metropolitana | Underground | M | 401 |
| FUN | Standseilbahn | Funiculaire | Funicolare | Funicular | N | 1400 |
| BAT | Schiff | Bateau | Battello | Ship | S | 1000 |
| BAV | Dampfschiff | Bateau … vapeur | Battello a vapore | Steam ship | S | 1000 |
| FAE | F„hre | Bac | Traghetto | Ferry-boat | S | 1000 |
| KAT | Katamaran | Catamaran | Catamarano | Katamaran | S | 1000 |
| NFT | Niederflur-Tram | Tram … plancher surbaiss‚ | Tram a pianale ribassato | Low-floor tramway | T | 900 |
| T | Tram | Tram | Tram | Tramway | T | 900 |
| TN | Nachttram | Tram ligne de nuit | Tram notturno | Nighttram | T | 900 |
| AIR | Flugzeug | avion | aeroplano | aircraft | U | 1100 |
| UUU | Unbekannte Art | Type inconnu | Tipologia sconosciuta | Unknown mode | U | 1700 |
| AG | Agenturzug | Train d’agence | Treno d‘ agenzia | Agencytrain | Z | 117 |
| ARC | Arco | Arco | Arco | Arco | Z | 102 |
| ARZ | Autoreisezug | Train autos-couch | Treno navetta | Car-carrying train | Z | 104 |
| AT | Autotunnelzug | Train-auto | Treno auto in galleria | Car train | Z | 104 |
| ATR | Altaria | Altaria | Altaria | Altaria | Z | 102 |
| ATZ | Autotunnelzug | Train-auto | Treno auto in galleria | Car train | Z | 104 |
| AVE | Alta Velocidad ES | Alta Velocidad ES | Alta Velocidad ES | Alta Velocidad ES | Z | 101 |
| BEX | Bernina Express | Bernina Express | Bernina Express | Bernina Express | Z | 107 |
| CAT | City Airport Train | City Airport Train | City Airport Train | City Airport Train | Z | 111 |
| CNL | CityNightLine | CityNightLine | CityNightLine | CityNightLine | Z | 105 |
| D | Schnellzug | Train direct | Treno diretto | Fast train | Z | 103 |
| E | Eilzug | Train acc‚l‚r‚ | Treno accelerato | Semi fast train | Z | 103 |
| EC | EuroCity | EuroCity | EuroCity | EuroCity | Z | 102 |
| EM | Euromed | Euromed | Euromed | Euromed | Z | 102 |
| EN | EuroNight | EuroNight | EuroNight | EuroNight | Z | 105 |
| ES | Eurostar Italia | Eurostar Italia | Eurostar Italia | Eurostar Italia | Z | 101 |
| EST | Eurostar | Eurostar | Eurostar | Eurostar | Z | 101 |
| EXT | Extrazug | Train sp‚cial | Treno speciale | Special train | Z | 117 |
| GEX | Glacier Express | Glacier Express | Glacier Express | Glacier Express | Z | 107 |
| IC | InterCity | InterCity | InterCity | InterCity | Z | 102 |
| ICE | InterCityExpress | InterCityExpress | InterCityExpress | InterCityExpress | Z | 102 |
| ICN | IC-Neigezug | IC-pendulaire | IC-pendolare | IC-tilting train | Z | 102 |
| IN | InterCityNacht | InterCityNuit | InterCityNotte | InterCityNight | Z | 102 |
| IR | InterRegio | InterRegio | InterRegio | InterRegio | Z | 103 |
| IRE | Interregio-Express | Interregio-Express | Interregio-Express | Interregio-Express | Z | 103 |
| IT | Italo | Italo | Italo | Italo | Z | 102 |
| JAT | Gef„ngniszug | Train prison | Jail Train | Jail Train | Z | 111 |
| MAT | LeermaterialZ (Reisezugswagen) | Train de mat‚riel vide (voitures voyageurs) | Materiale vuoto (treno viaggiatori) | Empty material train (passenger carriage) | Z | 111 |
| MP | LeermaterialZ Personenbef”rd | Train de mat‚riel vide avec transport de voyageurs | Materiale vuoto con trasporto di persone | Empty material train with passenger transport | Z | 111 |
| NJ | nightjet | nightjet | nightjet | nightjet | Z | 105 |
| NZ | Nacht-Zug | Train de nuit | Treno notturno | Night train | Z | 105 |
| P | Zug ohne Gew„hr | Train non garanti | Treno non garantito | No guaranteed train | Z | 100 |
| PE | PanoramaExpress | PanoramaExpress | PanoramaExpress | PanoramaExpress | Z | 107 |
| R | Regio | Regio | Regio | Regio | Z | 106 |
| RB | Regionalbahn | Train r‚gional | Ferrovia regionale | Regional train | Z | 106 |
| RE | RegioExpress | RegioExpress | RegioExpress | RegioExpress | Z | 106 |
| RJ | Railjet | Railjet | Railjet | Railjet | Z | 102 |
| RJX | railjet xpress | railjet xpress | railjet xpress | railjet xpress | Z | 102 |
| S | S-Bahn | RER | Rete celere | Urban train | Z | 109 |
| SN | Nacht-S-Bahn | RER-nuit | Rete celere notte | Night-urban train | Z | 109 |
| STB | Stadtbahn | Train urbain | Ferrovia urbana | City railway | Z | 109 |
| TAL | Talgo | Talgo | Talgo | Talgo | Z | 101 |
| TER | Train Express Regional | Train Express Regional | Train Express Regional | Train Express Regional | Z | 106 |
| TE2 | TER200 | TER200 | TER200 | TER200 | Z | 106 |
| TGV | Train … grande vit. | Train … grande vit. | Train … grande vit. | Train … grande vit. | Z | 101 |
| THA | Thalys | Thalys | Thalys | Thalys | Z | 101 |
| TLK | Twoje Linie Kolejowe | Twoje Linie Kolejowe | Twoje Linie Kolejowe | Twoje Linie Kolejowe | Z | 102 |
| UEX | UrlaubsExpress | UrlaubsExpress | UrlaubsExpress | UrlaubsExpress | Z | 104 |
| VAE | Voralpen-Express | Voralpen-Express | Voralpen-Express | Voralpen-Express | Z | 103 |
| WB | Westbahn | Westbahn | Westbahn | Westbahn | Z | 100 |
| X | InterConnex | InterConnex | InterConnex | InterConnex | Z | 100 |
| X2 | X2000 Neigezug | X2000 pendulaire | X2000 pendolare | X2000 tilting train | Z | 100 |
| ZUG | Zugskategorie unbekannt | Cat‚gorie du train inconnue | Categoria di treno sconosciuta | Train category unknown | Z | 100 |
stop_times.txt
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trip_id,arrival_time,departure_time,stop_id,stop_sequence,pickup_type,drop_off_type "1.TA.1-9-j17-1.1.H","05:25:00","05:25:00","8502034:0:2","1","0","0" "1.TA.1-9-j17-1.1.H","05:28:00","05:29:00","8502033:0:2","2","0","0" "1.TA.1-9-j17-1.1.H","05:33:00","05:33:00","8502032:0:1","3","0","0" "1.TA.1-9-j17-1.1.H","05:36:00","05:36:00","8502031:0:1","4","0","0" "1.TA.1-9-j17-1.1.H","05:42:00","05:42:00","8502030:0:2","5","0","0" "1.TA.1-9-j17-1.1.H","05:50:00","05:50:00","8502119:0:7","6","0","0" "2.TA.1-9-j17-1.2.H","05:53:00","05:53:00","8502034:0:1","1","0","0" "2.TA.1-9-j17-1.2.H","05:57:00","05:58:00","8502033:0:2","2","0","0" "2.TA.1-9-j17-1.2.H","06:02:00","06:02:00","8502032:0:1","3","0","0" "2.TA.1-9-j17-1.2.H","06:04:00","06:04:00","8502031:0:1","4","0","0" "2.TA.1-9-j17-1.2.H","06:09:00","06:11:00","8502030:0:2","5","0","0" "2.TA.1-9-j17-1.2.H","06:20:00","06:20:00","8502119:0:7","6","0","0" "3.TA.1-9-j17-1.3.H","24:38:00","24:38:00","8502119:0:7","1","0","0" "3.TA.1-9-j17-1.3.H","24:46:00","24:46:00","8502030:0:1","2","0","0" "3.TA.1-9-j17-1.3.H","24:49:00","24:49:00","8502031:0:1","3","0","0" "3.TA.1-9-j17-1.3.H","24:52:00","24:52:00","8502032:0:1","4","0","0" "3.TA.1-9-j17-1.3.H","24:57:00","24:57:00","8502033:0:1","5","0","0" "3.TA.1-9-j17-1.3.H","25:01:00","25:01:00","8502034:0:1","6","0","0 |
stops.txt
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stop_id,stop_name,stop_lat,stop_lon,location_type,parent_station "1101064","Malpensa Aeroporto, terminal 1","45.6272144319203","8.7111160249179","","" "8000339","Weissenhorn Eschach","48.3010036099201","10.135089480891","","" "8000709:0:2","Neckarsulm Mitte","49.1934688770383","9.22294014126908","","" "8000778","Asselheim (D)","49.5762169849528","8.16159859923981","","" "8000781","Grünstadt-Nord","49.5733510011593","8.17078836459763","","" "8000988","Witzighausen","48.3174402469306","10.097800413442","","" "8002015","Nördlingen","48.85084676195","10.4978651252803","","8002015P" "8002015:0:4","Nördlingen","48.85090587299","10.4978651252803","","8002015P" "8002015P","Nördlingen","48.85084676195","10.4978651252803","1","" "8002023","Ebermergen","48.7562093140126","10.7109634770088","","" "8002023:0:1","Ebermergen","48.7562685367003","10.7109634770088","","" "8002038","Möttingen","48.8068073922247","10.5978386332639","","8002038P" "8002038:0:1","Möttingen","48.8069257181851","10.5978386332639","","8002038P" "8002038:0:2","Möttingen","48.8068665552398","10.5978386332639","","8002038P" "8002038P","Möttingen","48.8068073922247","10.5978386332639","1","" "8002039","Hoppingen","48.8038195691943","10.6532018042319",""," |
Die Steige müssen in GTFS als einzelne Halte modelliert werden. Ein Wechsel des Steigs ist dann ein Wechsel des Stops aus Sicht GTFS.
Das Beispiel „8500010“ (Basel SBB):
Alle Halte von Basel haben einen gemeinsamen „Parent“ „8500010P“. Die einzelnen Gleise sind mit „:“ abgetrennt. Ein „Gleis“ kann auch ein Gleis+Sektoren sein (Bsp: „8500010:0:7CD“). Es gibt auch sehr komische Ergänzungen, wie „Bern Bfpl“ also „8507000:0:Bfpl“, wenn die RBS ihn für Bahnersatzbusse verwendet.
trips.txt
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route_id,service_id,trip_id,trip_headsign,trip_short_name,direction_id "1-9-j17-1","TA+b0001","2.TA.1-9-j17-1.2.H","Lenzburg","21916","0" "1-90-j17-1","TA+b0001","4.TA.1-90-j17-1.2.R","Wallbach, Gemeindehaus","90074","1" "1-90-j17-1","TA+b0001","10.TA.1-90-j17-1.2.R","Wallbach, Gemeindehaus","90022","1" "1-90-j17-1","TA+b0001","43.TA.1-90-j17-1.13.R","Schupfart, Dorf","90071","1" "1-90-j17-1","TA+b0001","44.TA.1-90-j17-1.13.R","Schupfart, Dorf","90013","1" "1-90-j17-1","TA+b0001","50.TA.1-90-j17-1.13.R","Schupfart, Dorf","90067","1 "8002015P","Nördlingen","48.85084676195","10.4978651252803","1","" "8002023","Ebermergen","48.7562093140126","10.7109634770088","","" "8002023:0:1","Ebermergen","48.7562685367003","10.7109634770088","","" "8002038","Möttingen","48.8068073922247","10.5978386332639","","8002038P" "8002038:0:1","Möttingen","48.8069257181851","10.5978386332639","","8002038P" "8002038:0:2","Möttingen","48.8068665552398","10.5978386332639","","8002038P" "8002038P","Möttingen","48.8068073922247","10.5978386332639","1","" "8002039","Hoppingen","48.8038195691943","10.6532018042319",""," "1-350-j16-1","TA","49.TA.1-350-j16-1.2.R","1-350-j16-1.2.R","Zürich, Triemli","1" |
Achtung:
- Für Züge beinhaltet „trip_short_name“ die Zugnummer.
transfers.txt
Die Metabahnhöfe werden in Kürze im transfers.txt abgebildet sein.
Stabilität von Identifiern zwischen Versionen des Static Files
Jede Woche wird das GTFS Static neu erzeugt. Daher kann es sein, dass die „service_id“ und die „trip_id“ nicht identisch sind.
Wann gibt es neue GTFS Static Files?
Am Montag wird das neue HRDF publiziert.
Der GTFS Upload erfolgt Mittwochs 09:10 Uhr per Skript. Der GTFSR Feed ladet die Dateien um 14:00 Uhr per Skript ein. Dann dauert es ca. 5-10 Minuten bis die Dateien im System und somit der GTFS-RT Feed umgestellt ist.
Technische Details zum besseren Verständnis
Montags werden die HRDF-Daten in DIVA importiert. Anschliessend (ebenfalls montags) läuft eine Übernahme von Fahrplandaten für die EFA.
Dienstags machen wir den GTFS-Export.
Mittwochs wird der neue GTFS-ZIP-Datensatz gegen 9:10 Uhr auf FTP-Server der SBB hochgeladen, die neuen Kalenderfahrplandaten zusammen mit neuen GTFS-Daten werden Mittwochs gegen 14:00 Uhr auf entsprechenden Servern eingespielt.
Interne Konsistenz eines GTFS Static Files
Wir bemühen uns, immer korrekte GTFS Static Files zu produzieren. Google schlägt vor, die interne Konsistenz mit dem FeedValidator zu testen. Leider kann die aktuelle Version mit der Grösse unserer Datei nicht umgehen. Ein anderes mögliches Werkzeug ist gtfstidy, das unter anderem eine Validierung vornehmen kann mit dem Parameter „-v“
Weiterführende Angaben
Weiterführende Angaben zu GTFS Static finden Sie auf der GTFS Entwicklerseite von Google: https://developers.google.com/transit/gtfs/